[Evaluation of self-medication practices and their characteristics among Uvira in Democratic Republic of Congo students]. / Evaluation des pratiques de l'automédication et leurs caractéristiques auprès des étudiants d'Uvira en République Démocratique du Congo.

Introduction: self-medication poses a threat to public health. The purpose of this study was to evaluate self-medication practices among Uvira students in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Methods: we conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study based on an indirect interview of 700 students, using a self-administered survey questionnaire. Data were processed using XLSTAT. Results: according to the survey conducted on these 700 students, the prevalence of self-medication was 99.3% (n=695), of which 42.3% (n=294) started during adolescence. Of the total respondents, 57.4% (n=399) said they resorted to self-medication every time they fell ill and were short of money (n=471, 67.7%) for a consultation. The most commonly cited pathology encountered during this practice was malaria (n=212, 30.5%). Of all drugs used, paracetamol was in the first place (n=106, 15.3%) while the tablet was the form most used by these students (n=598, 86%). In terms of the drug combination, Fansidar-Coartem (n=106, 17.2%) was the most common; the dosage was age-dependent in 65.6% (n=456) of cases. This study also showed that 37.4% (n=695) of the students interviewed used phytotherapy, mainly to treat malaria (n=124, 47.3%). Conclusion: among Uvira students, self-medication is extremely used, especially against malaria. Efforts must be made by healthcare personnel in collaboration with policymakers to raise awareness about the rational use of medications, in order to better control and potentially eradicate this practice that is harmful to health.

Presenters at chiropractic research conferences 2010-2019: is there a gender equity problem?

BACKGROUND: Presenting at professional and scientific conferences can be an important part of an individual's career advancement, especially for researchers communicating scientific findings, and can signal expertise and leadership. Generally, women presenting at conferences are underrepresented in various science disciplines. We aimed to evaluate the gender of presenters at research-oriented chiropractic conferences from 2010 to 2019. METHODS: We investigated the gender of presenters at conferences hosted by chiropractic organisations from 2010 to 2019 that utilised an abstract submission process. Gender classification was performed by two independent reviewers. The gender distribution of presenters over the ten-year period was analysed with linear regression. The association of conference factors with the gender distribution of presenters was also assessed with linear regression, including the gender of organising committees and abstract peer reviewers, and the geographic region where the conference was hosted. RESULTS: From 39 conferences, we identified 4,340 unique presentations. Women gave 1,528 (35%) of the presentations. No presenters were classified as gender diverse. Overall, the proportion of women presenters was 30% in 2010 and 42% in 2019, with linear regression demonstrating a 1% increase in women presenting per year (95% CI = 0.4-1.6%). Invited/keynote speakers had the lowest proportion of women (21%) and the most stagnant trajectory over time. The gender of conference organisers and abstract peer reviewers were not significantly associated with the gender of presenters. Oceanic conferences had a lower proportion of women presenting compared to North America (27% vs. 36%). CONCLUSIONS: Overall, women gave approximately one-third of presentations at the included conferences, which gradually increased from 2010 to 2019. However, the disparity widens for the most prestigious class of keynote/invited presenters. We make several recommendations to support the goal of gender equity, including monitoring and reporting on gender diversity at future conferences.

A "realidade do saber e da habilidade que se inculca": clima, médicos e saúde pública no Brasil, 1808-1835 / The "reality of the knowledge and the ability instilled": climate, doctors, and public health in Brazil, 1808-1835

Resumo Esse artigo analisa os esforços de construção de espaços próprios à intelectualidade médica no Brasil a partir da transferência da Corte de Lisboa para o Rio de Janeiro em 1808, passando pelo processo de independência do país, até a criação da Academia Imperial de Medicina, em 1835. A partir dessas iniciativas, procurou-se afirmar a proeminência do saber médico-científico diante das práticas de cura tradicionais, bem como uma agenda higiênica para a nação independente, fortemente atrelada à legitimação de uma expertise local sobre a climatologia brasileira. Ao longo desse processo, algumas lideranças médicas envolvidas buscavam afirmar a convergência entre o discurso higiênico e os interesses do Estado imperial nascente, ao mesmo tempo em que anunciavam renovar os mecanismos de legitimação da carreira que, supostamente, passavam a se dar pelo mérito científico em detrimento dos favorecimentos clientelares típicos do Antigo Regime.

Abstract This article analyzes the efforts to build spaces for the medical community in Brazil since the transfer of the Court from Lisbon to Rio de Janeiro in 1808, through the country's independence process, until the creation of the Imperial Academy of Medicine, in 1835. Such initiatives affirm the prominence of medical-scientific knowledge in the face of traditional healing practices, as well as a hygienic agenda for the independent nation, strongly linked to the legitimation of local expertise in Brazilian climatology. Throughout this process, some medical leaders involved sought to affirm the convergence between the hygienic discourse and the interests of the nascent imperial state, while at the same time announcing the renewal of the mechanisms of legitimation of the career that, supposedly, started to be given by scientific merit instead of the patronage system typical of the Ancien Régime.

Case Report: A Case of Late-Onset Combined Methylmalonic Acidemia and Hyperhomocysteinemia Induced by a Vegetarian Diet.

Methylmalonic acidemia is a rare autosomal recessive metabolic disease. However, because of the atypical clinical symptoms, the type of late-onset methylmalonic academia is often misdiagnosed. Especially when the blood vitamin B12 and folic acid levels are normal, it is not easy to think of this disease. Herein we report a 9-year-old girl who developed normally on a relatively balanced diet before 7 years of age. However, she presented with fatigue and attention deficit when she followed a vegetarian diet. Laboratory examination showed moderate macrocytic anemia, high levels of homocysteine, high level of propionylcarnitine/acetylcarnitine, urinary methylmalonic acid and methyl citrate. Gene mutation analysis showed c.609G > A and c.80A > G compound heterozygous mutations in the MMACHC gene, supported late-onset combined methylmalonic academia with homocysteinemia. Then treatment performed with add meat to the diet, vitamin B12, folic acid betaine and L-carnitine supplement. One week later, the child's clinical symptoms and the laboratory examinations were significantly improved.

Diagnóstico situacional do programa academia da saúde no estado de Mato Grosso do Sul: relatório técnico 2022 / Situational diagnosis of the health academy program in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul: technical report 2022

O Programa Academia na Saúde (PAS) é considerado como um programa estratégico para a execução das Política Nacional de Promoção da Saúde (PNPS) e da Política Nacional de Atenção Básica (PNAB), e o programa é apontado como uma das ações de prevenção e controle que integram o Plano de Ações Estratégicas para o Enfrentamento das Doenças Crônicas Não Transmissíveis (DCNT).

Homeópatas Latinoamericanos / Latin American Homeopaths

Un breve repaso por la historia de la Homeopatía, así como los antecedentes históricos de su llegada a los distintos países de América Latina, sirve como preámbulo para hablar de la Asociación Homeópatas Latinoamericanos, conformada por un extenso grupo de médicos que se ha convertido en una referencia académica de gran relevancia. Los miembros de este club, al cual pertenecen 523 personas, intercambian con sus pares información de la historia de la Homeopatía y aprenden bases conceptuales de las diferentes escuelas, al mismo tiempo que discuten aspectos ligados a las Materias Médicas y la repertorización. El foro permite, asimismo, conocer de múltiples casos clínicos de éxito, así como las diferencias y equivalencias en las escalas de dilución en muchos países del mundo.

A brief review of the history of Homeopathy, as well as the historical background of its arrival in the different countries of Latin America, serves as a preamble to talk about the Association of Latin American Homeopaths, made up of a large group of doctors that has become an academic reference of great relevance. The members of this club, to which 523 people belong, exchange with their peers information on the history of Homeopathy and learn conceptual bases of the different schools, while discussing aspects related to Medical Subjects and repertorization. The forum also allows for multiple clinical success stories, as well as differences and equivalencies in dilution scales in many countries of the world.

Act Scholarly! Embrace your inner behavioral scientist.

Fifty years of scholarship by behavioral science faculty shaped the training and practice of family physicians. One can trace behavioral science influence from the philosophical underpinnings of family medicine (whole-person, patient-centered, biopsychosocial care), to the translation of psychotherapy skills into tools for family physicians, to the discovery of successful, integrated healthcare teams of family physicians and behavioral science professionals. Family medicine as we know it today rests on the shoulders of scholars who collaborated to conceive, experiment, evaluate, improve, and innovate. The purpose of this paper is to recruit you - behavioral science professionals - to continue this tradition of scholarship in Family Medicine. To advance your scholarly efforts, start by understanding that "scholarship" is not limited to research. "Scholarship" is sharing your good work with other professionals; through that interchange, you and they can improve. Next, surround yourself with people who will help you learn and succeed: mentors, collaborators, and helpers. Select a focus for your scholarship and read scientific literature for a thorough understanding of the topic. Identify a methodology that fits your values, interests, skills and resources. Start small, then grow. Sharpen your skills in writing and, if necessary, in statistics. Finally, Act Scholarly! by sharing your work with other behavioral science scholars.

Mindfulness-Based Programs Improve Psychological Flexibility, Mental Health, Well-Being, and Time Management in Academics.

(1) Background: Occupational stress is high in academia, and is partly related to time pressure. Mindfulness-based programs are known to be effective in reducing stress and increasing well-being. Recent work suggested that these programs may also improve time management. This study tested the effects of a mindfulness-based program on academics' psychological flexibility, mental health, well-being, and time management. (2) Methods: The study was conducted in a French research department. Participants were offered to join a mindfulness-based program (n = 21) or to be on a wait-list control group (n = 22). Self-reported measures of psychological flexibility, mental health (stress, anxiety, and depression symptoms), well-being, and time use were collected before and after the eight week program. (3) Results: Results showed that psychological flexibility, mental health, well-being, and efficient time use significantly increased in the intervention group compared to the control condition. (4) Conclusions: The results suggested that the mindfulness-based programs were effective in improving adaptive functioning, well-being, and optimal time use in academia, thus underlining potential useful perspectives to help academics improve mental health and time management.

Programa academia da saúde, qual o seu papel na rede de atenção integral à saúde do idoso? / Health academy program, what is its role in the comprehensive health care network for the elderly?

O Programa Academia da Saúde (PAS), instituído em 2011, surgiu como um importante ponto da rede de atenção à saúde com potencial de contribuir para um estilo de vida mais ativo e saudável, tendo sido configurado como um importante elemento integrador nas ações de busca pela integralidade do cuidado...(AU)

The Who, What, and Why of Drug Discovery and Development.

Inquiry into declining pharmaceutical R&D efficiency has focussed on 'what' can be improved, with only brief thought given to 'who' can be improved. Here, we argue that enabling people in the idea-to-product chain to have a more holistic knowledge of the behaviours and incentives of each other can optimise R&D.

La homeopatía, un aporte al conocimiento / Homeopathy, a contribution to knowledge

Se realiza una revisión y análisis documental sobre aspectos históricos, evolutivos, sociales, políticos, económicos y científicos de la Homeopatía, sus fundamentos y acción biológica. Se documenta el concepto de Conocimiento como la percepción y explicación de los fenómenos de la naturaleza, para entender la realidad. La Ciencia, como un proceso de ordenamiento, verificación y comprobación de los conocimientos y la Academia como la agrupación de diversos individuos de ciencia que han recopilado conocimientos y se reúnen para darles fundamentación y validez. Se revisa la Homeopatía dentro de la historia de la medicina con soportes relacionados con sus fundamentos. Se hace una revisión de los fundamentos de la Homeopatía desde la óptica de la ciencia en general y de la Medicina convencional en particular encontrando varios documentos que los validan los desde el conocimiento científico. Muchos de estos principios ya se están utilizando en varios campos de la medicina convencional. Se analizaron varios trabajos de investigación sobre las modificaciones conformacionales de las moléculas del agua cuando se encuentran en contacto con otras moléculas o con otros transportadores de información generando procesos de memoria lo cual se ha documentado por métodos biofísicos y moleculares. Existe documentación científica que sustenta diversos mecanismos de acción de la Homeopatía. Se concluye que la homeopatía ha tenido un desarrollo científico y que ha aportado a la búsqueda conceptual para la Medicina.

Nutritional assessment and body self-perception of bodybuilders in Caxias do Sul - RS / Avaliação nutricional e autopercepção corporal de praticantes de musculação em academias de Caxias do Sul - RS

O objetivo deste estudo foi diagnosticar o estado nutricional e a autopercepção corporal de frequentadores de academias de Caxias do Sul. A amostra foi composta por 87 homens, na faixa etária entre 20 e 25 anos. Para o diagnóstico do estado nutricional foi feita a análise da adequação da ingestão de macronutrientes e micronutrientes - vitaminas A, C e E, cálcio, ferro, selênio e zinco, por meio do método recordatório de 24 horas, além da caracterização do perfil antropométrico e da autopercepção corporal, que foi avaliada através de um questionário com questões fechadas e escalas de silhuetas. Para análise estatística foram utilizadas análise descritiva e o teste t de Student pareado. Valores de p < 0,05 foram considerados significantes. Os resultados indicaram que a alimentação dessa população foi caracterizada como normoglicídica, hiperlipídica e hiperproteica; o consumo de suplementos foi de 29,9 por cento, sendo a maioria à base de proteínas. Quanto aos micronutrientes, mostrou adequação em selênio, zinco e ferro e inadequação em vitaminas A, C e E, e cálcio. Apenas 19,5 por cento dos indivíduos ingeriram o recomendado desse mineral por dia. O percentual de gordura corporal dos praticantes de musculação (14,08 ± 4,25 por cento) foi classificado como dentro da média. Em relação à autopercepção corporal, a maioria deseja ter uma silhueta igual a ou maior que a representada por um indivíduo eutrófico. Essa população apresenta importantes inadequações nutricionais, sendo ou não decorrente do objetivo de ganho de massa muscular, necessitando assim de orientação nutricional.

The aim of this study was to diagnose the nutritional status and self-perception of health club goers of Caxias do Sul. The sample was composed of 87 men, aged 20-25 years. The diagnosis of the nutritional status was determined through analysis of suitability of macronutrients and micronutrients - vitamin A, C and E, calcium, iron, selenium and zinc by a 24h-questionnaire with closed questions and body silhouette scales. Statistical analysis was by descriptive analysis and paired Student's t test. Significant values were p < 0.05. Results have shown that diet in this population was normoglycidic, hyperlipidic and hyperproteic; supplements consumption was of 29.9 percent, being its majority protein-based. Concerning macronutrients, selenium, zinc and iron were suitable, and vitamins A, C and E and calcium were deficient. Only 19.5 percent of the individuals ingested the calcium daily recommendation. The body fat percentage of the bodybuilding practitioners (14.08 ± 4.25 percent) was classified as within the average. Concerning body self-perception, most of the subjects want to have a silhouette equal or bigger than the eutrophic model. This population presents important nutritional inadequacies, being these derived or not from the aim to gain muscular mass. Therefore, it is necessary that it receives nutritional guidance.

DETOXICATING EFEECT OF SHIQUAN DADU TANG ON ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS / 中药新药与临床药理

A summary of detoxcating effect of shiquan dabu tang on anti-neoplastic agents during the past 10 years in Japanese Literature shows that it could allevate digestive symptoms, relieve arrest of bone marrow, raise white blood cell count, reduce renal toxicity, and enhance immunity. Antineoplastic agents administration together with traditional Chinese medicine is considered as an alternative method which can improve efficacy and reduce adverse effects, and is worthy of further study.